Articles on Open Science & Artificial Intelligence by Venni V. Krishna

AI and Contemporary Challenges: The good, bad and the scary
Venni V. Krishna, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2024, 10, 100178
Abstract: The way in which powerful AI technologies could transform our lives, society, economics, governance and most importantly ethics and morality surrounding it is quite popular in everyday news media as well as our drawing room discussions at home. There is considerable confusion among individuals and communities on the impact of AI. Profit seeking global mega corporations have already poured in billions of dollars in AI research and development to maximise their profits. On the other hand, there are scary and dangerous scenarios shaping up on the impact and use of AI tools. Rouge and non-state actors are weaponizing AI technologies as well as giving rise to new fake platforms. We are not far away from killer robots, autonomous weapons and robotic warfare as depicted in the film Slaughter Bots. The main purpose and objective of this essay is to understand what is good, bad and the scary of AI developments? What are the positive and negative impacts of AI on our contemporary society? Should we leave AI technology within the perspective of technological determinism or is there a scope to socially shape the new technology for the benefit of our society. These are some of the important issues that will be addressed in this essay.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI conundrum, Human centred AI, Slaughter bots, AI and level Playing field
Download: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100178

Open Science and Its Enemies: Challenges for a Sustainable Science–Society Social Contract
Venni V. Krishna, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2020, 6(3), 61.
Abstract: Science as a social institution has evolved as the most powerful, highly influential, and sought out institution after the conflicts between science and religion following Galileo. Knowledge as a public good, scientific peer review of science, the prominence of open publications, and the emphasis on professional recognition and scientific autonomy have been the hallmark of science in the past three centuries. According to this scientific spirit, the scientific social system and society formed a unique social contract. This social contract drew considerable institutional and state legitimacy for the openness and public good of science in the service of state and society, all through the post-war period. Openness and public good of science are recognized and legitimized by the scientific community and science agencies at the global level. This paradigm of open science, in varying forms and manifestations, contributed to the progress of systematic knowledge at the service of humankind over the last three centuries. Entering the third decade of the 21st century, the social contract between science and society is undergoing major changes. In fact, the whole paradigm of open science and its social contract is being challenged by various "enemies" or adversaries such as (a) market-based privatized commercial science, (b) industry 4.0 advanced technologies, and (c) a "new iron curtain" on the free flow of science data and information. What is at stake? Are there major changes? Is the very social institution of science transforming? What impact will this have on our contemporary and future sustainable society? These are some important issues that will be addressed in this article.
Keywords: ethos of science; science and society social contract; open science; industry 4.0; platform capitalism in science
Download: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030061

New Issue Online | Journal of Scientometric Research, 2023, 12(3)

Journal of Scientometric Research

Vol 12, Issue 3, 2023

https://www.jscires.org/v12/i3

Research Articles

Mapping the Evolution of Sustainability Transitions Research: A Bibliometric Analysis | Sunny Dhiman, Rajbeer Singh, Vairaj Arjune, Raghvendra Singh Yadav, MS Yadav and A Bansala
Mapping the Grassroots Innovation Research: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Agenda | Suman Phalswal
The Journal of Scientometric Research: A Statistical Outlook of the First Eleven Volumes of the Journal | Rabishankar Giri and Anup Kumar Das
Climate Change Research in Malaysia: A Scientometric Analysis | Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim, MN Azra, F Lananan, MIM Noor, MP Tan, YY Sung & MA Ghaffar
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Publications on Environmental Innovation | Emmanuel Baffour Gyau, Kulena Sakuwuda and Ernest Asimeng
Comprehensive Scientometric Analysis and Longitudinal SDG Mapping of Quality and Reliability Engineering International Journal | C Kumar, D Pattnaik, Valentina E Balas & R Raman
Quality Research Follows the Power Law | Hanbin Mao and Jixin Chen
Factors that Influence How Scientific Articles and Reviews are Mentioned on Twitter | Pablo Dorta-González
Leveraging Urban Growth Models (UGM) for Sustainable Urban Planning and Climate Resilient Cities: A Bibliometric Analysis | Kaushikkumar P. Sheladiya and Chetan R. Patel
The Relationship Between Scientific Production and Economic Growth Through R&D Investment: A Bibliometric Approach | Pablo José Arana-Barbier
Exploring the Impact of Altmetrics in Relation to Citation Count and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) | Arshia Ayoub, Raashida Amin and Zahid Ashraf Wani
How do we Determine Content Boundaries in Systematic Review Studies of Management Research? | Mehmet Ali Köseoglu and Hasan Evrim Arici
Measurement of Bias in the Contents of Web Search for Health Information Retrieval | Romany F. Mansour and Amr H. Fatouh
Eco-literacy and Social Media: A Bibliometric Review | Khairul Hafezad Abdullah
Social Networking and Gender-Homophily in Article Publications: A Tale of Two Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) | S. Ramkumar
Nanotechnology in Food Production: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis Using R-package | SD Rajendran, SN Wahab, SP Yeap, NH Kamarulzaman & SAH Lim
The Conceptual System of Additive Manufacturing via a Quantitative-Qualitative Approach: A Bibliometric Analysis | F Mondragón-Serrano, A Padilla-Viveros, G Hernández & JV Calderón-Salinas
Studies on Unrestrained and Commercializable Intellectual Property in Higher Educational Institutions | R. N. Narahari and H. S. Mukunda
Social Media in General Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Web of Science from 2005-2021 | Dinh-Hai Luong, Xuan-An Nguyen, Thanh-Thuy Ngo, My-Ngoc Tran and Hong-Lien Nguyen
Financial Aspects of Elderly Care that Enhances their Quality of Life: A Scientometric Review | Anna Che Azmi, Ooi Kai Hong, Norazlin Ab Aziz, Suhaily Shahimi and LW Ling
Income Inequality in Relation to Policies, Taxes, and Gender: A Bibliometric Analysis | Saul Alfonso Esparza Rodriguez, Cesar Gustavo Iriarte Rivas, HS Leslie and NA Johnson

Journal of Scientometric Research (JSCIRES)

Website: https://www.jscires.org 

The Journal will be Gold Open Access journal from January 1, 2024.

New Submission: https://www.jscires.com/index.php/submissions/login

Launch of New Issue - Journal of Data Science, Informetrics, and Citation Studies: https://jcitation.org/index.php/jdscics/issue/current

COP28: New report quantifies the impact of climate disruption on 15 UNESCO designated sites

PRESS RELEASE    COP28: New report quantifies the impact of climate disruption on 15 UNESCO designated sites   Paris, 12 December 2023 – During COP28, UNESCO publishes its first ever quantitative report on the "Impacts of Climate Change in Biosphere Reserves and Global Geoparks in Latin America and the Caribbean". It shows how increasing droughts, wildfires, flooding and landslides pose a growing threat to biodiversity and human lives, while also providing an outlook for the coming decades.   Click here for the 1-page factsheet, executive summary and full report.   UNESCO's new report highlights how climate disruption is affecting communities and ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean, by focusing on factors like temperature changes or weather patterns across UNESCO Global Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves. The study covers an area that is home to 110 million people and spans 1 million km2 across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Uruguay.   All surveyed sites are impacted All 15 UNESCO sites showed increasing temperatures and changes in rain patterns, which are projected to lead to loss of vegetation cover, more forest fires, loss of habitat, loss of life, interruption of water supply and/or lower agricultural productivity. If current trends continue, they are projected to experience average temperature increases of between 2 and 7oC by the year 2100, compared to already observed temperature rises of around 1oC since 1900. All 15 sites are also projected to experience new and increasing climate impacts. The report also shows that climate threats are currently being underestimated. Across almost every risk category, the number of sites identified as having medium/high risk surpasses the expectations of site managers. Notably, only 6 of 15 sites had self-identified forest fires as a major threat, yet the report reveals that medium/high risk of wildfire is projected for 13 sites in the coming decades. The study analyzed 350,000 km2 of forest cover, finding a loss of 4% within just 6 years — equivalent to a landmass bigger than Jamaica   Human lives and livelihoods at risk The report demonstrates a clear relationship between climate threats, vulnerability and exposure to determine relative risks in specific areas. In 9 of 15 sites, over 90% of the agricultural land is exclusively rainfed, leaving farmers and their communities particularly vulnerable to decreasing rainfall, longer heat waves or changes in precipitation patterns. The report revealed that across the 15 sites, 10.7 million people live in areas exposed to interruptions in water supply, and that in some sites this threat concerns 100% of the population. It also found that today 3.3 million people live in areas that are susceptible to inland flooding, and 8 million live in areas susceptible to landslides.   UNESCO sites: valuable observatories of climate change UNESCO designated sites are observatories that contribute to understanding and tracking climate change, while helping to build national and international climate policies. The new report provides an initial quantification of risks so that communities in these areas can better confront them. It also highlights the opportunity to develop evidence-based interventions that take into account the latest climate projections and the best local expertise. This methodology to understand climate change was designed to be highly replicable and accessible across other UNESCO sites globally.   Helping communities adapt to climate risks On the ground, through its LAC UNESCO sites Climate Change, Risk and Resilience Platform, UNESCO is actively helping these sites to confront the impacts of climate change. In the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala, site managers have worked to quantify and offset carbon emissions by avoiding deforestation for a period of 30 years (2012–2042), aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by 37 million tons. The Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves has introduced a specialized course for UNESCO site managers, aiding them in monitoring and tackling the impacts of climate change and the biodiversity crisis. Meanwhile, in the Mixteca Alta UNESCO Global Geopark, Mexico, local farmers have embraced ancestral indigenous knowledge and adapted their farming practices to cope with escalating warmer and drier conditions. They have constructed terraces and channels using traditional methods to conserve water and topsoil.   Read more UNESCO Biosphere Reserves UNESCO Global Geoparks   Press contacts François Wibaux, f.wibaux@unesco.org, +33145680746 Clare O'Hagan, c.o-hagan@unesco.org, +33145681729   UNESCO Newsroom All our press releases   Social media

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UNESCO and the US deepen their partnership on environmental protection

PRESS RELEASE   UNESCO and the US deepen their partnership on environmental protection   Paris, 11 December 2023 – During the visit of Audrey Azoulay, UNESCO's Director-General to Florida, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) announced they would collaborate with UNESCO to improve the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS). A new environmental education project will also be developed in The Everglades, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, which also appears on the List of World Heritage in Danger.   Audrey Azoulay in Florida, in the United States, from 6-8 December, took part in several events linked to the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences (2021-2030), on which UNESCO is the leading UN agency.   While she was there, NOAA and USGS announced that they would join forces with UNESCO on the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) with the aim of better mapping and understanding marine diversity. The two American agencies, working in coordination with the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) and the U.S. Biosphere Network (USBN), will share their scientific data on UNESCO-protected natural sites in the United States via the OBIS. The data will thus be free for the international scientific community to access and exploit, in accordance with the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science adopted at the end of 2021. This data will thus be comparable with that collected on other sites around the world, and will be used in research aimed at advancing knowledge of biodiversity and better identifying the impact of climate change on all living species. This increased collaboration between American agencies and UNESCO was triggered by the United States' return to the Organization in July 2023.   Greater Support for The Everglades National Park Audrey Azoulay also visited The Everglades National Park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, and a site which appears on UNESCO's list of Heritage in Danger. This humid, tropical zone is home to one of the biggest mangrove ecosystems in the Western Hemisphere. It shelters hundreds of species of flora and fauna, plays an important role in carbon capture and storage, and supplies nearly 9 million people with drinking water. Several major environmental disturbances threaten The Everglades' future: pollution linked to human activity, the diversion of the natural course of rivers eroding biodiversity and reducing the surface area of wetlands, the introduction of invasive species, and rising ocean levels leading to an increase in the salinity of freshwater reserves. The United States has announced a 1.5 billion-dollar plan to prevent these threats and restore the area over the coming decades. On her visit, Audrey Azoulay underscored UNESCO's commitment to supporting the site's managers by contributing scientific expertise. The Everglades are currently benefiting from a UNESCO programme which maps species non-invasively using environmental DNA. Initial analyses of water samples taken on-site last Spring have already identified 163 species, a quarter of which had never before been recorded in Florida Bay in the OBIS databases. The Director-General also announced that UNESCO is to launch a new local environmental education programme, with the support of the LVMH group. Over the coming months, the organization will create a methodological guide to good conservation practice, which will be made available to teachers and educators in order to improve awareness among schoolchildren in The Everglades.   Dialogue between scientists and artists Finally, this visit to Florida was an opportunity for the Director-General of UNESCO to take part in several events at Art Basel Miami, which were designed to strengthen the links between scientists and artists on marine environment protection. Audrey Azoulay spoke at the Rewilding Symposium, organized by the Bertarelli Foundation and Leonardo Di Caprio's Re:wild Foundation. She also opened the Artist-At-Sea exhibition, featuring works by artists who had spent a month on board the marine research and exploration vessel Falkor. The expedition was co-organized by UNESCO, the Schmidt Ocean Institute and Nautilus magazine, and hosted by the Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science.   Press contacts Clare O'Hagan, c.o-hagan@unesco.org, +33 1 45 68 17 29 Matthieu Lamarre, Cabinet of the Director-General, m.lamarre@unesco.org   UNESCO Newsroom All our press releases   Social media

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Press invitation - UNESCO Director-General's environmental protection mission to Florida (USA)

PRESS INVITATION   UNESCO Director-General's environmental protection mission to Florida (USA)   Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, will be in Miami, USA, on the 6 and 7 December to highlight the role of art in the protection of the environment. She will also visit Everglades National Park, a site inscribed on UNESCO's list of World Heritage in Danger as well as a Biosphere Reserve, to announce new measures for restoring these ecosystems.   When: 6 and 7 December 2023 Where: Miami and Everglades National Park, United States Who: Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO Accreditation: Art Basel (here) and visit to the Everglades (here)   UNESCO at Art Basel Miami Beach Click here for press accreditation.   From 6 to 11 December, Miami will be hosting the 2023 edition of Art Basel, the international contemporary art fair. On this occasion, UNESCO will be placing the emphasis on environmental protection and the essential role which artists play in this field.   UNESCO is co-organising with Nautilus magazine and the Schmidt Ocean Institute an exhibition entitled "Artist-at-Sea", which will feature works dedicated to the ocean created by artists who spent a month on board the Falkor, a marine research and exploration vessel. The exhibition will be on show at the Miami Beach Convention Centre and the Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science. It will be inaugurated by Audrey Azoulay on the evening of Wednesday 6 December.   UNESCO will also be taking part in the "Art to Save the Ocean" event, which will be held on the evening of Thursday 7 December in the Planetarium of the Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science. Co-organised by the Bertarelli Foundation, the Re:Wild Foundation and Nautilus magazine, this event aims to encourage funding for the preservation of the ocean and its biodiversity, and cooperation between ocean sciences and the world of art. This event will be a dialogue between scientists, artists, and philanthropists.   During this event, the Director-General of UNESCO will deliver a speech on the crucial role of the ocean in fighting against climate disruptions, in preserving biodiversity and in safeguarding the living heritage of coastal communities. She will also announce a new partnership between the United States and UNESCO to advance our knowledge of the diversity of marine life.   UNESCO's participation in Art Basel takes place in the context of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), for which it is the lead organisation.   Stepping protection in the Everglades Click here for press accreditation   On Thursday 7 December, the Director-General of UNESCO will also visit Everglades National Park, which has been a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1976 and inscribed on the World Heritage List since 1979. This 6,100km² wetland is home to one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in the western hemisphere.   However, Everglades National Park has been heavily impacted by human activity, which has caused an increase in pollution as well as diverted some of its freshwater sources. In response to these threats, in 2010 the United States requested that the park be placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, which enabled the implementation of an emergency plan.   During her visit, Audrey Azoulay will be accompanied by representatives of the National Park Service (NPS), a long-standing partner of UNESCO. Alongside them, she will review the progress of ecosystem restoration projects and announce a new environmental education initiative for schools in the Everglades. She will also meet with representatives of the Seminole and Miccosukee indigenous peoples.   Press contact Matthieu Lamarre, Cabinet of the Director-General, m.lamarre@unesco.org   UNESCO Newsroom All our press releases   Social media

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