1) Foreign Direct Investment, Innovation, and Exports: Firm-Level Evidence from People's Republic of China, Thailand, and Philippines. by Ganeshan Wignaraja. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 134, November 2008.
Abstract
This paper examines the links between ownership, innovation, and exports in electronics firms in three late-industrializing developing countries (People’s Republic of China, Thailand, and Philippines), drawing on recent developments in applied international trade and innovation and learning. Technology-based approaches to trade offer a plausible explanation for firm-level exporting behavior. The econometric results (using probit) confirm the importance of foreign ownership and innovation in increasing the probability of exporting in electronics. Higher levels of skills, managers’ education, and capital also matter in the People’s Republic of China as well as accumulated experience in Thailand. Furthermore, a technology index composed of technical functions performed by firms emerges as a more robust indicator of innovation than the research and development to sales ratio. Accordingly, technological effort in electronics in these countries mostly focuses on assimilating and using imported technologies rather than formal research and development by specialized engineers.
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2) Measuring China’s Innovation System: National Specificities and International Comparisons. by Martin Schaaper. Paris: OECD STI Working Paper 2009/1; Statistical Analysis of Science, Technology and Industry.
Abstract
This working paper discusses actors and resources in China's science and innovation system, science and technology performance, and general purpose technologies. It provided input to the recently published OECD Review of China's Innovation Policy. The annex to this paper assesses international comparability of China's S&T indicators.
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